Lebensform versus (dual) form of life

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.63487/reo.58

Keywords:

Ortega y Gasset, Spengler, form of life, culture

Abstract

This paper sets out to establish the differences between the concept Lebensform as used by Spengler and the expression “(dual) form of life” as characterised by Ortega y Gasset. Although both are inscribed in the framework of a theory of culture, the differences are profound: according to Spengler the concept is subjective, it is framed in a monistic project. According to Ortega, a way of life considers objective elements of culture. Moreover, it has a plural character in which the principle of differentiation is inscribed since every culture diversifies because the meanings of the original notions share a dissimilar content. The second principle is expressed in holistic terms, as cultures are seen as self-enclosed orbs, complete and hermetic systems, without communication with each other. Cultures are to be analysed as an inwardly closed whole. Finally, the third principle is linked to the plurality of human forms. This view is opposed to Spengler’s assumption of cultural homogeneity.

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Author Biography

Jesús Padilla Gálvez, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha

Professor at the Faculty of Legal and Social Sciences at the University of Castilla-La Mancha, PhD from the University of Cologne. His lines of research are ways of life philosophical anthropology. Among his latest publications, with more than forty books and three hundred articles, the following stand out: “Open Questions on Equality and Identity” (2022) The Liar. Genealogy of a Paradox on Truth and Self-Reference (2021), State of Affairs. Reconstructing the Controversy over Sachverhalt (2021) and his edition of Ludwig Wittgenstein, Philosophical Investigations: Translation, Introduction, and Critical Notes (2021).

References

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ORTEGA Y GASSET, José (1951): Die pädagogische Pa- radoxie und die Idee einer Mythenbildenden Erziehung. Múnich: Stiftung Internationale Jugendbibliothek, 9 páginas escritas a máquina y corregidas. (Existe una traducción aproximada de la conferencia: “La paradoja de la pedagogía y el ideal de una educación crea- dora de mitos”, en Jella LEPMAN, Un puente de libros infantiles, trad. Augusto Gely. Vigo: Creotz Ediciones, 2017, pp. 225-243).

ORTEGA Y GASSET, José (2004-2010): Obras completas, 10 vols. Madrid: Fundación José Ortega y Gasset / Taurus.

PADILLA GÁLVEZ, Jesús y GAFFAL, Margit (2012): “Forms of Life and Language Games. An Introduction”, en Forms of Life and Language Games. Frankfurt: Ontos, pp. 7-16.

PADILLA GÁLVEZ, Jesús (2013): “Digresiones acerca de las formas de vida”, en Formas de vida y juegos del lenguaje. Madrid / México D.F.: Plaza y Valdés, pp. 77-110.

PADILLA GÁLVEZ, Jesús (2016): “Action, Decision-Making and Forms of Life”, en Action, Decision-Making and Forms of Life. Berlín / Boston: Walter de Gruyter, pp. 1-8.

PADILLA GÁLVEZ, Jesús (2019): Estado de cosas. Reconstrucción de la polémica sobre el Sachverhalt. Valencia: Tirant Humanidades.

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SPRANGER, Eduard (1921): Lebensformen. Geistes- wissenschaftliche Psychologie und Ethik der Persönlichkeit. Halle: Max Niemeyer.

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Published

2023-11-01 — Updated on 2023-11-01

How to Cite

Padilla Gálvez, J. (2023). Lebensform versus (dual) form of life. Revista De Estudios Orteguianos, (47), 121–141. https://doi.org/10.63487/reo.58

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Articles